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Objective To explore the relationship between the distribution characteristics and the habitat factors of the invasive B. straminea in South China. Methods From October 2016 to August 2017, the breeding condition and habitat factors of B. straminea were investigated in the rivers of Shenzhen and its adjacent areas in the dry season, normal season and wet reason. The generalized additive model (GAM) was used to study the main habitat factors affecting the distribution density of B. straminea. Results The distribution characteristics of B. straminea showed obvious aggregation and unevenness in space. In terms of time, the density of snails was the highest in the dry season, followed by the normal water season and the least in the wet season. The GAM model analysis showed that the main habitat factors affecting the distribution density of B. straminea were water depth, water temperature, flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, and total phosphorus. When the flow velocity and water temperature were 0.25 m / s and 26 °C, respectively, the largest distribution density of snails might appear. The distribution density of B. straminea was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus. Conclusion B. straminea is suitable to live in the water environment with poor water quality. In the future, the monitoring should be strengthened to provide reference for the prevention and control of the spread of the snails.
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Objective:To analyze the cause of varicocele (VC) recurrence and investigate the efficacy of sub-inguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy (MV) for recurrent VC.Methods:All of 16 inpatients diagnosed as recurrent VC, in the Department of Andrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2015 April to 2019 April, were performed sub-inguinal MV. The age of the inpatients was 18-36 years old, median 27 years old.5 cases were originally performed retroperitoneal high ligation of spermatic vein and other 11 cases were originally performed laparoscopic varicocelectomy. During the review one to three years after the previous operation, all of 16 patients were diagnosed as VC recurrence. The complains of these patients during the review included male subfertility (10 cases) and scrotal pain (12 cases), in which 6 cases’ complains were male subfertility with scrotal pain. After admission, 13 patients were classified as Grade Ⅲ (left in 8 cases, bilateral in 5 cases) and 3 patients as Grade Ⅱ (all left). The median of their visual analogue scale (VAS) was 2.5. Color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) grading showed: Grade Ⅲ in 12 cases (left in 7 cases, bilateral in 5 cases), Grade Ⅱ in 4 cases (all left). Particularly, 12 of them were Graded as Ⅲ simultaneously accompanying with Nut-cracker Phenomenon (NCP). Preoperative tests showed that the average serum testosterone was (16.2±4.9)nmol/ml, the average sperm concentration was (11.8±3.9)×10 6/ml and the progressive motility rate (PR) was (24.4±4.2)%. All of the patients were performed sub-inguinal MV using general anesthesia and supine position. The spermatic cords were clearly exposed and padded up by inserting gauze strips under them. During the operation, the field was magnified 4-6 times with the microscope. Then all of the dilated external and internal spermatic veins were ligated, at the same time the internal spermatic artery and lymph vessels were well preserved. During these operations, 11 patients underwent left-side MV, while other 5 did bilateral MVs. During these MVs, we found twisted and dilated external and internal spermatic veins in all cases and well preserved the internal spermatic arteries and lymph vessels. The number of ligated left and right external spermatic veins were(2.1±0.6) and (1.4±0.5)respectively and the number of ligated left and right internal spermatic veins were (10.1±1.1) and (6.6±0.5) respectively. We also found out(1.3±0.5) internal spermatic arteries and (3.0±1.0)lymph-vessels on left side. On right side, there were (1.4±0.5) internal spermatic arteries and (2.6±0.5) lymph-vessels respectively. At last, we summarily analyzed the pre-operative and post-operative VAS, serum testosterone, CDFI and semen analysis data. Results:All of the 16 sub-inguinal MVs were successfully performed. All patients were reviewed comprehensively 6 months after MV. The reviewed results showed that the post-operative VAS was significantly reduced ( Z=-2.994, P<0.05), palpable scrotal vessels disappeared and Valsalva tests were negative. No obvious reflux of internal spermatic veins were detected by CDFI. Interestingly, the sperm concentration and motility were both significantly improved 6 months after MV ( P<0.05), while there was not remarkable increase of the serum testosterone after MV ( P>0.05). During the follow up, no testicular atrophy, hydrocele and other complications were found. Up to submission, five of the ten patients who presented for male subfertility have impregnated their wives. Conclusions:The most possible cause of VC recurrence could be the omission of the external and internal spermatic veins, particularly in the grade Ⅲ VC patients or VC accompanied with NCP. The sub-inguinal MV, which can discover more twisted spermatic veins and at the same time preserve the spermatic artery and lymph-vessels, shows better clinical efficacy than other procedures.
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Objective To study the dynamic diffusion characteristics of Biomphalaria straminea in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou of Southern China. Methods B. straminea was monitored at 25 investigation points along 10 river channels in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou by salvaging method. The diffusion characteristics of snails along with water in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River were analyzed by GPS location drift test. In addition, the influence of flooding on the diffusion of B. straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon "Shanzhu" was analyzed by monitoring the hydrology and distribution of snails. Results In March and October from 2016 to 2018, a total of 1 176 kg of floating objects were salvaged in rivers in Shenzhen, Dongguan and Huizhou. Scattered B. straminea were found on water hyacinths. Drift test of floats with GPS showed that the average drift speed of GPS floating objects was close to the river surface velocity. Affected by river current and wind direction, the GPS floats quickly drifted to the river bank and stopped in the stagnant area due to the blockade of water plants, stone and the bending of the shoreline. The drift distance of each time was between 136 - 715m. The test results of salvaged floating objects found that the loss rates of B. straminea were 46.70% - 60.00% and 22.10% - 30.80%, in the Guihua New Village section of the Guanlan River and the Dawei Village section of the Longgang River, respectively, which were significantly affected by the floating weight, river velocity and drifting distance. The analysis of the hydrology and distribution of B. straminea in the Kuichong River both before and after Typhoon "Shanzhu" showed that the density of B. straminea in the river was significantly reduced by the flood. Conclusion B. straminea is mainly transported as suspended matter in water body, and flooding was an important factor in its long-distance diffusion.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical significance of plasma amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) in children with bacterial meningitis.@*Methods@#From April 2013 to March 2017, 32 children with bacterial meningitis in PICU of the Second People′s Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College were selected.The patients were evaluated the severity of the disease by Glasgow coma scale(GCS). Thirty-five cases who admitted to the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group, excluding congenital heart disease, chronic cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, heart failure, chronic renal insufficiency.The blood samples were collected from the hospital in 24h, and the levels of the plasma NT-proBNP, procalcitonin(PCT), C-reactive protein(CRP) and Na ions were determined.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, the levels of the plasma NT-proBNP was significantly increased[(7 123.97±6 901.60)ng/L vs.(39.29±19.41)ng/L, t=5.839, P<0.01], the level of PCT was significantly increased[(25.14±2.35)ng/dL vs.(0.63±0.15ng/dL, t=10.820, P<0.01], the level of CRP was significantly increased[(97.89±4.63mg/dL vs.(5.23±1.22mg/dL, t=21.130, P<0.01], and the GCS was significantly decreased(t=18.132, P<0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis group.The plasma NT-proBNP level of children with GCS<8points[(13 328.08±7 938.85)ng/L]was significantly higher than that in children with GCS 8~14points[(3 401.50±1 526.75)ng/L](t=5.816, P<0.01) and GCS≥15points[(39.74±18.64)ng/L](t=5.816, P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and PCT(r=0.969, P<0.01), also a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and CRP(r=0.961, P<0.01), while a significant negative correlation between the level of plasma NT-proBNP and sodium ions(r=0.886, P<0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis by Pearson correlation test.@*Conclusion@#Detection of the plasma NT-proBNP has significant clinical significance for early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the illness of children with bacterial meningitis.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of plasma amino －terminal pro －brain natriuretic peptide(NT－proBNP) in children with bacterial meningitis.Methods From April 2013 to March 2017, 32 children with bacterial meningitis in PICU of the Second People′s Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Taishan Medical College were selected.The patients were evaluated the severity of the disease by Glasgow coma scale (GCS).Thirty－five cases who admitted to the hospital in the same period were selected as the control group ,excluding congenital heart disease,chronic cardiac dysfunction ,cardiomyopathy,myocarditis,heart failure,chronic renal insufficiency.The blood samples were collected from the hospital in 24h, and the levels of the plasma NT －proBNP, procalcitonin (PCT),C－reactive protein(CRP) and Na ions were determined.Results Compared with the control group ,the levels of the plasma NT－proBNP was significantly increased [(7 123.97 ±6 901.60)ng／L vs.(39.29 ±19.41)ng／L,t＝5.839,P＜0.01],the level of PCT was significantly increased [(25.14 ±2.35) ng／dL vs.(0.63 ±0.15ng／dL,t ＝10.820,P＜0.01],the level of CRP was significantly increased [(97.89 ±4.63mg／dL vs.(5.23 ±1.22mg／dL,t＝21.130,P＜0.01],and the GCS was significantly decreased (t＝18.132,P＜0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis group.The plasma NT －proBNP level of children with GCS ＜8points [( 13 328.08 ±7 938.85 ) ng／L ] was significantly higher than that in children with GCS 8～14points[(3 401.50 ±1 526.75)ng／L](t＝5.816,P＜0.01) and GCS≥15points [(39.74 ±18.64) ng／L] ( t ＝5.816,P＜0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT －proBNP and PCT ( r ＝0.969, P ＜0.01), also a significant positive correlation between the level of plasma NT －proBNP and CRP (r＝0.961,P＜0.01),while a significant negative correlation between the level of plasma NT－proBNP and sodium ions(r＝0.886,P＜0.01) in children with bacterial meningitis by Pearson correlation test.Conclusion Detection of the plasma NT－proBNP has significant clinical significance for early diagnosis and assessment of the severity of the illness of children with bacterial meningitis .